Gustavo Silveira has created a superb series of videos in which he takes you through the process of building a complete game using Phaser. It goes through everything you need - from the structure of the game, to the States, to handling assets, game controls and a lot, lot more.
Although it uses Phaser 2, the videos are unusually good in that they cover the principals, as much as they cover the actual code required. The video on adding AI into your game is a good example of this.